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What is an Aortic Aneurysm?
An aortic aneurysm is a weakening and bulging of the aorta, the largest artery in the body. The aorta carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body. When the aorta weakens, it can bulge outward, forming an aneurysm. Aortic aneurysms can occur in any part of the aorta, but they are most common in the abdominal aorta.
Aortic aneurysms are often asymptomatic, meaning they do not cause any symptoms. However, if an aneurysm grows large enough, it can rupture, which is a life-threatening condition. Rupture occurs when the weakened wall of the aorta tears, causing internal bleeding.
Symptoms of an Aortic Aneurysm
The symptoms of an aortic aneurysm depend on its location and size. Some people with aortic aneurysms may experience no symptoms at all. Others may experience:
- A pulsating feeling in the abdomen
- Back pain
- Abdominal pain
- Chest pain
- Shortness of breath
- Coughing
- Hoarseness
- Difficulty swallowing
If you experience any of these symptoms, it is important to see a doctor right away.
Causes of an Aortic Aneurysm
The exact cause of aortic aneurysms is unknown, but certain factors can increase your risk, including:
- Age: Aortic aneurysms are more common in older adults.
- Family history: If you have a family history of aortic aneurysms, you are at increased risk.
- Smoking: Smoking damages the blood vessels and increases the risk of aortic aneurysms.
- High blood pressure: High blood pressure puts stress on the aorta, which can weaken it over time.
- High cholesterol: High cholesterol can contribute to the buildup of plaque in the aorta, which can weaken it.
- Certain diseases: Certain diseases, such as Marfan syndrome and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, can increase the risk of aortic aneurysms.
Diagnosis of an Aortic Aneurysm
Aortic aneurysms are often diagnosed during a routine physical exam or when a doctor is looking for another condition. If your doctor suspects you may have an aortic aneurysm, they will order tests to confirm the diagnosis. These tests may include:
- Ultrasound: An ultrasound uses sound waves to create images of the aorta.
- CT scan: A CT scan uses X-rays to create detailed images of the aorta.
- MRI: An MRI uses magnetic fields and radio waves to create images of the aorta.
- Aortogram: An aortogram is a procedure that involves injecting dye into the aorta to create images of the blood vessels.
Treatment of an Aortic Aneurysm
The treatment for an aortic aneurysm depends on its size, location, and rate of growth. Small aneurysms that are not growing may not require treatment. However, large aneurysms or aneurysms that are growing rapidly may need to be repaired. Treatment options for aortic aneurysms include:
- Surgery: Surgery is the most common treatment for aortic aneurysms. During surgery, the surgeon will repair the aneurysm by replacing the weakened section of the aorta with a graft.
- Endovascular repair: Endovascular repair is a minimally invasive procedure that involves inserting a stent graft into the aneurysm. The stent graft is a tube-like device that is placed inside the aneurysm to reinforce the weakened wall of the aorta.
Life Expectancy with an Aortic Aneurysm
The life expectancy of a person with an aortic aneurysm depends on several factors, including the size and location of the aneurysm, the person's overall health, and the treatment they receive. If an aneurysm is small and not growing, the life expectancy is similar to that of a person without an aneurysm. However, if an aneurysm is large or growing rapidly, the risk of rupture is higher, which can be life-threatening.
If you have an aortic aneurysm, it is important to follow your doctor's recommendations for monitoring and treatment. Early detection and treatment can help prevent potentially life-threatening complications.
Conclusion
Aortic aneurysms are a serious condition that can be life-threatening if they rupture. However, with early detection and treatment, the outlook for people with aortic aneurysms is good. If you have any concerns about aortic aneurysms, talk to your doctor.