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Harry S. Truman: The President Without a College Degree
Harry S. Truman, the 33rd President of the United States, is a fascinating figure in American history. He is perhaps best known for his humble beginnings and his lack of a college degree. Despite this, Truman went on to become one of the most influential presidents in American history, leading the nation through the tumultuous years of World War II and the Cold War.
Early Life and Education
Harry S. Truman was born in Lamar, Missouri, in 1884. He grew up on a farm and attended public schools. After graduating from high school, Truman worked for a time in the family's grocery store. He later moved to Kansas City, Missouri, where he worked as a bank clerk and a haberdasher.
Truman's lack of a college degree was not unusual for his time. In the early 20th century, many people, particularly those from rural backgrounds, did not have the opportunity to attend college. However, Truman was a voracious reader and a lifelong learner. He read widely on history, politics, and current events, and he was known for his sharp mind and his ability to absorb information quickly.
Military Service and Political Career
In 1917, Truman enlisted in the United States Army during World War I. He served as an artillery captain and was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross for his bravery in battle. After the war, Truman returned to Missouri and became involved in politics. He was elected to the U.S. Senate in 1934, where he served for 10 years.
Presidency and Key Accomplishments
In 1945, Truman became President of the United States following the death of Franklin D. Roosevelt. He faced a daunting array of challenges, including the end of World War II, the rise of the Soviet Union, and the beginning of the Cold War. Despite these challenges, Truman made a number of significant accomplishments during his presidency, including:
- Ending World War II: Truman made the difficult decision to use atomic bombs against Japan, bringing the war to an end. This decision remains controversial to this day, but it is undeniable that it saved countless lives.
- Launching the Marshall Plan: This program provided billions of dollars in aid to war-torn European nations, helping to rebuild their economies and prevent the spread of communism.
- Integrating the Military: Truman issued Executive Order 9981, which desegregated the armed forces. This was a landmark decision that helped to advance the cause of civil rights in America.
- Initiating the Berlin Airlift: In 1948, the Soviet Union blockaded West Berlin in an attempt to force the Western Allies out of the city. Truman responded by launching the Berlin Airlift, a massive operation that airlifted food and supplies to West Berliners for over a year. This was a major victory for the United States and a turning point in the Cold War.
Legacy
Harry S. Truman left a lasting legacy on the United States. He is remembered as a strong and decisive leader who made tough decisions in a time of crisis. He also made significant progress on issues such as civil rights and foreign policy. While his presidency was not without its controversies, Truman is generally considered to be one of the most successful presidents in American history.
Truman's story is a testament to the fact that a lack of formal education does not necessarily preclude success in life. His intelligence, determination, and unwavering commitment to public service enabled him to rise to the highest office in the land. His legacy continues to inspire generations of Americans to strive for greatness, regardless of their background.
Further Reading
- Harry S. Truman by David McCullough
- Truman by David Michaelis
- The Truman Years: The Historic Years 1945-1953 by David McCullough