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The Battle of Franklin: A Turning Point in the Civil War

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The Battle of Franklin: A Turning Point in the Civil War

The Battle of Franklin, fought on November 30, 1864, was a pivotal event in the American Civil War. It was a decisive victory for the Union Army, significantly weakening the Confederate Army of Tennessee under the command of General John Bell Hood. While the Battle of Franklin was a Union victory, it came at a heavy cost, with over 6,000 Union soldiers killed, wounded, or missing in action.

The battle took place near Franklin, Tennessee, as part of Hood's Tennessee Campaign. After suffering heavy losses at the Battle of Atlanta, Hood decided to march north into Tennessee, hoping to draw Union forces away from General William Tecumseh Sherman's advance through Georgia. Hood's goal was to reach Nashville, Tennessee, and capture its resources and supplies. However, Union General John Schofield, leading the Army of the Ohio, was strategically positioned to block Hood's path.

The Battle of Franklin was a clash of two distinct military strategies. Schofield, aware of Hood's aggressive nature, adopted a defensive strategy, fortifying his position on the outskirts of Franklin. Hood, on the other hand, believed in a swift, decisive attack to overwhelm the Union forces. He ordered his troops to launch a frontal assault against Schofield's well-prepared defenses, a decision that would prove disastrous for the Confederates.

The Battle's Course

The battle began in the late afternoon and lasted for several hours. Hood's troops, despite their initial momentum, faced a fierce and determined defense from the Union forces. The Confederates repeatedly charged against Schofield's lines, suffering heavy casualties each time. The Union artillery, strategically positioned on high ground, inflicted significant damage on the attacking Confederate forces.

One of the most notable aspects of the battle was the heroic stand of the Union's 2nd Brigade, led by Colonel William B. Hazen. They held their position against repeated Confederate assaults, repelling wave after wave of attackers. Hazen's brigade, despite sustaining heavy casualties, played a crucial role in halting the Confederate advance.

As darkness fell, Hood finally ordered a retreat, leaving behind a battlefield littered with the dead and wounded. The Confederate Army had suffered a crushing defeat, losing over 6,000 men, including several high-ranking officers. The Union Army, though victorious, had also endured heavy losses.

The Aftermath

The Battle of Franklin was a significant turning point in the Civil War. It significantly weakened Hood's army, preventing him from achieving his objective of capturing Nashville. The battle also boosted Union morale and solidified their control of Tennessee. The victory at Franklin paved the way for Sherman's successful march through Georgia and the eventual surrender of the Confederate Army.

The Battle of Franklin is remembered for its brutal fighting and heavy casualties. The battlefield itself is now a national historic landmark, preserved and maintained by the Battle of Franklin Trust. The Trust works to educate the public about the battle's significance and to ensure that the memory of those who fought and died at Franklin is preserved.

Learning Resources

For those interested in learning more about the Battle of Franklin, there are several excellent resources available:

These resources provide valuable insights into the battle's history, including eyewitness accounts, maps, photographs, and other primary sources.

Conclusion

The Battle of Franklin was a significant event in the American Civil War, a battle that had a profound impact on the course of the war. The bravery and sacrifice of the soldiers on both sides, the strategic importance of the battle, and its lasting impact on the history of the United States make it a subject worthy of continued study and remembrance.

Military History