The Battle of Franklin: A Turning Point in the Civil War

The Battle of Franklin, fought on November 30, 1864, was a pivotal engagement in the American Civil War. It took place in Franklin, Tennessee, and resulted in a decisive Union victory, but at a heavy cost. The battle is considered one of the most brutal and bloody battles of the war, with over 10,000 casualties in just four hours of fighting.

Background

In the fall of 1864, Confederate General John Bell Hood, commander of the Army of Tennessee, was on a desperate mission to invade Tennessee and disrupt Union supply lines. He hoped to force Union General William Tecumseh Sherman to abandon his Atlanta campaign and come to the aid of Tennessee. Hood’s army, weakened by losses in the Atlanta campaign, marched north, hoping to catch Union forces off guard.

Union General John Schofield, commanding the Army of the Ohio, was tasked with defending Tennessee. Schofield’s army was smaller than Hood’s, but he had a strong defensive position at Franklin. He had fortified the town with trenches, artillery batteries, and barricades.

The Battle

On November 30, Hood’s army attacked Schofield’s position at Franklin. The Confederates launched a series of assaults against the Union lines, but they were met with fierce resistance. The fighting was intense and bloody, with both sides suffering heavy losses. The Confederates were ultimately repulsed, but they inflicted significant damage on the Union army.

The Battle of Franklin is notable for its high number of casualties. The Union army suffered over 2,300 killed, wounded, and missing, while the Confederate army lost over 6,200 men. The battle is considered one of the deadliest battles of the Civil War in terms of casualties per hour of fighting.

Significance

The Battle of Franklin was a turning point in the Western Theater of the Civil War. It significantly weakened Hood’s army and forced him to retreat. The battle also demonstrated the effectiveness of Union defensive tactics and the determination of Union soldiers.

The battle’s legacy is preserved through various memorials and historical sites in Franklin, Tennessee. The Battle of Franklin Trust, a non-profit organization, works to educate the public about the battle and its significance. The trust offers resources, including a website, social media channels, and a podcast, to help visitors understand the battle’s history and lasting impact.

Conclusion

The Battle of Franklin was a tragic event in American history, but it also played a significant role in shaping the outcome of the Civil War. The battle’s legacy continues to inspire and educate people today, reminding us of the sacrifices made by those who fought for freedom and unity.