The Supreme Court of the United States: A Guide for Students

The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest court in the land. It is responsible for interpreting the Constitution and ensuring that laws passed by Congress and the states are consistent with it. The Supreme Court also has the power to review decisions made by lower courts.

The History of the Supreme Court

The Supreme Court was established by the Constitution in 1789. The first Chief Justice was John Jay. The Court has had many important cases throughout its history, including:

• Marbury v. Madison (1803): This case established the principle of judicial review, which gives the Supreme Court the power to declare laws unconstitutional.
• Brown v. Board of Education (1954): This case ruled that racial segregation in public schools was unconstitutional.
• Roe v. Wade (1973): This case legalized abortion nationwide.

The Structure of the Supreme Court

The Supreme Court is made up of nine justices, who are appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate. The justices serve for life, or until they choose to retire. The Chief Justice is the head of the Court and presides over all cases. The other eight justices are called Associate Justices.

The Types of Cases the Supreme Court Hears

The Supreme Court hears cases that involve:

• Federal law
• State law
• The Constitution
• Treaties with other countries

The Supreme Court can choose which cases it wants to hear. This is called "certiorari." The Court usually only hears cases that involve important legal issues or that could have a major impact on American society.

The Impact of Supreme Court Decisions

Supreme Court decisions can have a major impact on American society. For example, the Brown v. Board of Education decision led to the desegregation of public schools in the United States. The Roe v. Wade decision legalized abortion nationwide. These are just two examples of how Supreme Court decisions can shape the lives of Americans.

Conclusion

The Supreme Court of the United States plays an important role in American society. It is responsible for interpreting the Constitution and ensuring that laws are consistent with it. The Court also has the power to review decisions made by lower courts. Supreme Court decisions can have a major impact on American society.