Torque Vectoring Differential Explained

What is a Torque Vectoring Differential?

A torque vectoring differential is a type of differential that can distribute torque to individual wheels. This allows for improved traction and handling, especially in corners. Traditional open differentials simply send power to the wheel with the least resistance. This can lead to wheel spin, especially when cornering. A torque vectoring differential, however, can send more power to the wheel with the most grip, which can help the car corner more effectively.

There are two main types of torque vectoring differentials: electronic and mechanical. Electronic torque vectoring differentials use sensors to monitor the car’s speed, steering angle, and other factors. Based on this information, the system can apply brakes to individual wheels to create a torque vectoring effect. Mechanical torque vectoring differentials use a system of clutches and gears to distribute torque to the wheels. These differentials are typically more complex and expensive than electronic systems, but they can offer more precise control over torque distribution.

How Torque Vectoring Differentials Work

Here’s a breakdown of how torque vectoring differentials function:

• Sensors: Electronic torque vectoring systems use sensors to monitor factors like wheel speed, steering angle, and yaw rate. These sensors send data to the control unit.
• Control Unit: The control unit processes the sensor data and determines the optimal torque distribution for each wheel. This information is then sent to actuators.
• Actuators: Actuators are typically electric motors or hydraulic systems that control the application of braking force to individual wheels.
• Torque Distribution: By applying brakes to certain wheels, the system can create a torque vectoring effect, essentially transferring power to the wheels with the most grip.

Benefits of Torque Vectoring Differentials

Torque vectoring differentials offer several advantages, including:

• Improved Handling: By distributing torque more effectively, torque vectoring differentials can help the car corner more smoothly and with less understeer or oversteer.
• Enhanced Traction: The ability to send power to the wheels with the most grip improves traction, particularly on slippery surfaces.
• Increased Stability: The improved traction and control provided by torque vectoring differentials can enhance vehicle stability, especially during high-speed maneuvers or in challenging driving conditions.
• Improved Performance: The enhanced handling and traction can lead to faster lap times and a more enjoyable driving experience.

Examples of Torque Vectoring Differentials

Many modern vehicles, particularly high-performance models, feature torque vectoring differentials. Here are some examples:

• Audi’s Quattro System: Audi’s Quattro system, known for its all-wheel drive prowess, often incorporates electronic torque vectoring for superior cornering and handling.
• BMW’s xDrive: BMW’s xDrive system, similar to Quattro, frequently features torque vectoring differentials for enhanced grip and stability.
• Mercedes-Benz’s 4MATIC: Mercedes-Benz’s 4MATIC all-wheel drive system also often incorporates torque vectoring technology.
• Ford’s Terrain Management System: Ford’s Terrain Management System, found in vehicles like the Ford Raptor, uses electronic torque vectoring to optimize performance in various off-road conditions.

Conclusion

Torque vectoring differentials are a significant advancement in automotive technology, enhancing handling, traction, and overall driving performance. As technology continues to evolve, we can expect to see even more sophisticated and effective torque vectoring systems in future vehicles.